ЦИФРОВА МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНІСТЬ У ДИСКУРСІ МУЗЕЇВ ПІД ЧАС ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

Алла Дмитрівна Бєлова
доктор філологічних наук, професор
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/StudLing2021.18.9-23

FULL TEXT PDF (ENGLISH)

АНОТАЦІЯ

Пандемія COVID-19 спричинила радикальні зміни і трансформації у сучасному світі, вплинувши на різні види бізнесу, професійної діяльності, комунікацію тощо. Музеї, які були зачинені під час локдауна, зазнали збитків під час карантинних обмежень, були змушені розширити віртуальну комунікацію, збільшити активність у соцмережах, урізноманітнити цифрові послуги. Всі музеї констатували збільшення онлайн відвідувань на 10-200%. Завдяки цифровим технологіям деякі маленькі музеї зробили цифровий прорив і стали відомими у міжнародному масштабі. До пандемії деякі музеї почали створювати свій імідж у віртуальному просторі, розширили мультимодальність виставок, їх мультисенсорність. Під час пандемії мультимодальність та інтерактивність онлайн виставок, віртуальних екскурсій, фільмів, освітніх матеріалів помітно зросли. Музеї експериментували з новими медійнимі продуктами, використовували мультимодальний сторітелінг, створювали ефект присутності і простору, намагаючись імпортувати онлайн відвідувачів з дому в музеї. Для дитячої аудиторії музеї використовували стратегії гейміфікації і розважального навчання. Під час пандемії музеї започаткували нові колекції, матеріалом яких стала цифрові дані про COVID-19, BLM, що може стати об’єктом цікавих міждисциплінарних досліджень. У пост-пандемійному світі цифрова мультимодальність може стати невід’ємним компонентом музейного онлайн ландшафта.

Ключові слова: музей, мультимодальність, онлайн ландшафт, цифровa аудиторія, соцмережа, віртуальний.

ЛІТЕРАТУРА

  1. A Cognition-Centered Approach for Delivering Personalized Cultural-Heritage Experiences, https://www.vi-mm.eu/project/a-cognition-centered-approach-for-delivering-personalized-cultural-heritage-experiences/
  2. Alice: Curiouser and Curiouser Exhibition Preview at V&A Museum, London, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIu-j6cohcI
  3. Ancient Art – Digital Maps of the Ancient World (2021), https://www.vi-mm.eu/2021/04/12/ancient-art-digital-maps-of-the-ancient-world/
  4. Ancient Greece Created Five of Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (2020), https://www.vi-mm.eu/2021/06/20/ancient-greece-created-five-of-seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world/
  5. Bristol Museums | Exhibitions Online, https://exhibitions.bristolmuseums.org.uk/
  6. Can Smell be a Work of Art? (2015), http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/can-you-smell-work-art-180958189/
  7. Caro Verbeek. What Can The Scents Of The Past Tell Us About Our History? (2021), https://www.npr.org/2021/01/15/956933669/caro-verbeek-what-can-the-scents-of-the-past-tell-us-about-our-history
  8. Cascone, Sarah. Egypt Just Held an Astonishing, Real-Life Mummy Parade Though the Streets of Cairo to Celebrate the Opening of a New Museum (2021), https://news.artnet.com/art-world/cairo-mummy-parade-1956993
  9. Clare, Rod. The Black Lives Matter Movement in the National Museum of African American History and Culture (2020), https://museum-companion.berghahnjournals.com/ 2016/12/the-black-lives-matter-movement-in-the-national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture/
  10. Diamantopoulou, Sophia, Paschou, Sophia and Papaioannou, Georgios. Experiencing the digital museum at the time of the pandemic: The ethics of multimodal communication with the visitors (2020), https://panmemic.hypotheses.org/778
  11. Digital Collection・Städel Museum Frankfurt・staedelmuseum.de, https://sammlung. staedelmuseum.de/en?gclid=CjwKCAjwuIWHBhBDEiwACXQYsRr8CJW7GEp2c4bTnR-IQLbt2R517ciD46AofP4n3dXifsRt0xVq3BoCDGsQAvD_BwE
  12. Digital exhibition of Van Gogh heritage, https://www.facebook.com/groups/nauka4.0/ permalink/932125834014831/
  13. Digital technologies and museums: post-pandemic experiences (2020) Retrieved from: https://www.interregeurope.eu/policylearning/news/9060/digital-technologies-and-museums-post-pandemic-experiences/?no_cache=1
  14. Experience Virtual tour of the Tower of London in Virtual Reality, https://www.youvisit.com/tour/meadk
  15. Facing Challenge with Resilience: How Museums are Responding During COVID-19 (2020), https://www.imls.gov/blog/2020/04/facing-challenge-resilience-how-museums-are-responding-during-covid-19
  16. Friedman, Ann B. Planet Word: Opening a Museum Mid-Pandemic (2021), https://panmemic.hypotheses.org/985
  17. ‘Gestures – in the past, present, and future’: A museum exhibition based on multimodal research (2019), https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe/events/2019/jun/gestures-past-present-and-future-museum-exhibition-based-multimodal-research
  18. Gotter, Cedric. From the ‘Spanish Flu’ to COVID-19: lessons from the 1918 pandemic and First World War (2020), https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2020/04/23/spanish-flu-covid-19-1918-pandemic-first-world-war/
  19. Grant, Daniel. Pandemic Pushes Museums Deeper Into Digital Age (2020), https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-pushes-museums-further-into-digital-age-11596196801
  20. Hadley, Louisa. Social Media Responses to Thatcher’s Death (2014), https://link.springer.com/ chapter/10.1057/9781137428257_4
  21. Handbook of Research on Transmedia Storytelling, Audience Engagement, and Business Strategies (2020), https://www.igi-global.com/book/handbook-research-transmedia-storytelling-audience/240166
  22. Henshaw, Victoria. Urban Smellscapes. Understanding and Designing City Smell Environments (2014), https://www.routledge.com/Urban-Smellscapes-Understanding-and-Designing-City-Smell-Environments/Henshaw/p/book/9780415662062
  23. How to Explore a City Through Its Scents, https://www.foldmagazine.com/sensory-maps
  24. Hussein, Wael. Egypt Mummies Pass Through Cairo IN Ancient Rulers’ Parade (Apr 2021), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56508475.
  25. IMPERIAL IMPRESSIONS from the Sisi Museum, https://www.schoenbrunn.at/en/about-schoenbrunn/schoenbrunn-digital/imperial-impressions-sisi-museum#video-1-3
  26. Ings, Simon. How the pandemic is revolutionising art galleries and museums (2021), https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24933202-100-how-the-pandemic-is-revolutionising-art-galleries-and-museums/
  27. Kahn, Rebecca. Locked down not locked out – Assessing the digital response of museums to COVID-19 (2020), https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2020/05/08/locked-down-not-locked-out-assessing-the-digital-response-of-museums-to-covid-19/
  28. King, Ellie, M. Paul Smith, Paul F. Wilson, Mark A. Williams/ Digital Responses of UK Museum Exhibitions to the COVID-19 Crisis, March – June 2020 (2021), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cura.12413
  29. Kress, Gunther. Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Contemporary Communication (Routledge, London, 2010), 212.
  30. Kress, Gunther and Theo van Leeuwen. Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication (Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 2001).
  31. Krishna, Achyut. Digital Transformation of Museums in the Time of Covid Pandemic (2021), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/solipsisticmusings/digital-transformation-of-museums-in-the-time-of-covid-pandemic-33099/
  32. Lenanton, Katie. Smell You Later (2014), http://2014.nextwave.org.au/events/smell-you-later/
  33. Media reactions to the death of Margaret Thatcher – ‘misapplied death etiquette’?, https://wan-ifra.org/2013/04/media-reactions-to-the-death-of-margaret-thatcher-misapplied-death-etiquette/
  34. Medina, Sammy. Watch 6 Wondrous Clouds Float Inside Museum Walls (2013), https://www.fastcompany.com/1672814/watch-6-wondrous-clouds-float-inside-museum-walls
  35. MIM – Musical Instruments Museum, https://www.brusselsmuseums.be/en/museums/ mim-musical-instruments-museum
  36. Monumental IDEAS, https://cyark.org/monumentalideas/game
  37. Multimedia Storytelling & Content Marketing, https://learn.utoronto.ca/programs-courses/certificates/multimedia-storytelling-content-marketing
  38. Museum digital initiatives during the Coronavirus Pandemic, https://digitalmuseums.at/
  39. Museum for London: Collecting COVID (2020), https://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/ discover/museum-for-london-collecting-covid
  40. Musical instruments – Deutsches Museum Retrieved, https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/natural-sciences/musical-instruments/
  41. Natural History Museum Launches 3D Virtual Tour Technology, https://www.nhm.ac.uk/press-office/press-releases/natural-history-museum-launches-3d-virtual-tour-technology/natural-history-museum-launches-3d-virtual-tour-technology.html
  42. Obrist, Marianna Gatti, Elia Maggioni, Emanuela and Chi Thanh Vi, Velasco, Carlos.
  43. Multisensory Experiences in HCI (2017), sensorium-art-soundscapes-chocolates-invisible-rain
  44. Panetta, Alexander. A world of art at our fingertips: How COVID-19 accelerated the digitization of culture (2021), https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/digitization-culture-pandemic-1.6015861
  45. Quenqua, Douglas. Art for the Knowing Nose, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/ science/art-for-the-knowing-nose.html
  46. Richardson, Jim. Digital Ideas for Museums in a Post-Pandemic World (2021), https://www.museumnext.com/article/digital-ideas-for-museums-in-a-post-pandemic-world/
  47. Riga Motor Museum, http://www.motormuseum.com/kremlin-collection.php
  48. Smell Me. Artist Transforms Body Odor Into Olfactory Self-Portrait (2012), https://www.wired.com/2012/10/smell-me-martynka-wawrzyniak/
  49. Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, https://www.facebook.com/NMAAHC/
  50. Speed, Barbara. A designer is creating “smell maps” of cities (2014), https://citymonitor.ai/community/designer-creating-smell-maps-cities-377
  51. Survey on the impact of the COVID-19 situation on museums in Europe Final Report, https://www.ne-mo.org/fileadmin/Dateien/public/NEMO_documents/NEMO_COVID19_ Report_12.05.2020.pdf
  52. The Art of Scent: The Museum of Arts and Design (2012), http://madmuseum.org/ exhibition/art-scent
  53. The museum as a multimodal digital entity during the pandemic, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTdTp-5p-Ng
  54. The museum’s entire collection on one platform, https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore# collections
  55. There’s Something in the Air – Scent is Art (2015), http://www.peterdecupere.net/ index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=1:exhibition-news&id=159:theres-something-in-the-air-scent-in-art
  56. The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis, 1st Ed. by Carey Jewitt (Routledge, 2009).
  57. This Animation of how Bridges Were Constructed in 14th Century Prague is Amazing (2020), https://www.vi-mm.eu/2020/12/21/this-animation-of-how-bridges-were-constructed-in-14th-century-prague-is-amazing/
  58. Touch, smell and eat your art at Tate Britain’s ‘Sensorium’ (2015), https://www.wired.co.uk/article/tate-sensorium-review-2015
  59. Valdeon, Roberto A. Ad Hoc Corpora and Journalistic Translation Research: BBCNews and BBCMundo’s Coverage of Margaret Thatcher’s Death and Funeral (2019), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330534516_Ad_Hoc_Corpora_and_Journalistic_Translation_Research_BBCNews_and_BBCMundo’s_Coverage_of_Margaret_Thatcher’s_Death_and_Fuenral
  60. Virtual games and activities for kids in Parisian museums. Parisian museums pamper kids with puzzles, video games, virtual tours, experiences and web series, https://en.parisinfo.com/practical-paris/info/guides/virtual-games-kids-parisian-museums
  61. Virtual Museum: 14 ways to explore from home, https://www.nhm.ac.uk/visit/virtual-museum.html
  62. V&A & HTC VIVE ARTS. Curious Alice Extending the visitor experience for gallery and remote audiences with a VR Wonderland, https://preloaded.com/work/curious-alice/
  63. VR Museum of Art, https://mirukai.org/en/museum?gclid=CjwKCAjwz_WGBhA1EiwAU AxIcTQS_8RRnbREa-S4ZvWe2c6pAkcSk0Txon6vD5xYqoISm0PbNUZtuBoC-EUQAvD_BwE